Quantitative analysis of culture using millions of digitized books
Identifieur interne : 000601 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000600; suivant : 000602Quantitative analysis of culture using millions of digitized books
Auteurs : Jean-Baptiste Michel [États-Unis] ; Yuan Kui Shen [États-Unis] ; Aviva P. Aiden [États-Unis] ; Adrian Veres [États-Unis] ; Matthew K. Gray [États-Unis] ; Joseph P. Pickett [États-Unis] ; Dale Hoiberg [États-Unis] ; Dan Clancy [États-Unis] ; Peter Norvig [États-Unis] ; Jon Orwant [États-Unis] ; Steven Pinker [États-Unis] ; Martin A. Nowak [États-Unis] ; Erez Lieberman Aiden [États-Unis]Source :
- Science (New York, N.y.) [ 0036-8075 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
We constructed a corpus of digitized texts containing about 4% of all books ever printed. Analysis of this corpus enables us to investigate cultural trends quantitatively. We survey the vast terrain of ‘culturomics’, focusing on linguistic and cultural phenomena that were reflected in the English language between 1800 and 2000. We show how this approach can provide insights about fields as diverse as lexicography, the evolution of grammar, collective memory, the adoption of technology, the pursuit of fame, censorship, and historical epidemiology. ‘Culturomics’ extends the boundaries of rigorous quantitative inquiry to a wide array of new phenomena spanning the social sciences and the humanities.
Url:
DOI: 10.1126/science.1199644
PubMed: 21163965
PubMed Central: 3279742
Affiliations:
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books</title><author><name sortKey="Michel, Jean Baptiste" sort="Michel, Jean Baptiste" uniqKey="Michel J" first="Jean-Baptiste" last="Michel">Jean-Baptiste Michel</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A1"> Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A2"> Institute for Quantitative Social Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Institute for Quantitative Social Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A3"> Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4"> Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shen, Yuan Kui" sort="Shen, Yuan Kui" uniqKey="Shen Y" first="Yuan Kui" last="Shen">Yuan Kui Shen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5"> Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02139</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aiden, Aviva P" sort="Aiden, Aviva P" uniqKey="Aiden A" first="Aviva P." last="Aiden">Aviva P. Aiden</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6"> Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veres, Adrian" sort="Veres, Adrian" uniqKey="Veres A" first="Adrian" last="Veres">Adrian Veres</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7"> Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02138</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gray, Matthew K" sort="Gray, Matthew K" uniqKey="Gray M" first="Matthew K." last="Gray">Matthew K. Gray</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8"> Google, Inc., Mountain View, California, 94043, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Google, Inc., Mountain View, California, 94043</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94043</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pickett, Joseph P" sort="Pickett, Joseph P" uniqKey="Pickett J" first="Joseph P." last="Pickett">Joseph P. Pickett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9"> Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, Massachusetts 02116, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, Massachusetts 02116</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02116</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoiberg, Dale" sort="Hoiberg, Dale" uniqKey="Hoiberg D" first="Dale" last="Hoiberg">Dale Hoiberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10"> Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago, Illinois 60654</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Illinois 60654</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clancy, Dan" sort="Clancy, Dan" uniqKey="Clancy D" first="Dan" last="Clancy">Dan Clancy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8"> Google, Inc., Mountain View, California, 94043, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Google, Inc., Mountain View, California, 94043</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94043</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Norvig, Peter" sort="Norvig, Peter" uniqKey="Norvig P" first="Peter" last="Norvig">Peter Norvig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8"> Google, Inc., Mountain View, California, 94043, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Google, Inc., Mountain View, California, 94043</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94043</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orwant, Jon" sort="Orwant, Jon" uniqKey="Orwant J" first="Jon" last="Orwant">Jon Orwant</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8"> Google, Inc., Mountain View, California, 94043, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Google, Inc., Mountain View, California, 94043</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94043</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinker, Steven" sort="Pinker, Steven" uniqKey="Pinker S" first="Steven" last="Pinker">Steven Pinker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4"> Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nowak, Martin A" sort="Nowak, Martin A" uniqKey="Nowak M" first="Martin A." last="Nowak">Martin A. Nowak</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A1"> Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A11"> Dept of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Dept of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A12"> Dept of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Dept of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" sort="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" uniqKey="Aiden E" first="Erez Lieberman" last="Aiden">Erez Lieberman Aiden</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A1"> Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A12"> Dept of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Dept of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A13"> Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A14"> School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A15"> Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A16"> Laboratory-at-Large, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Laboratory-at-Large, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Science (New York, N.y.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0036-8075</idno><idno type="eISSN">1095-9203</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">We constructed a corpus of digitized texts containing about 4% of all books ever printed. Analysis of this corpus enables us to investigate cultural trends quantitatively. We survey the vast terrain of ‘culturomics’, focusing on linguistic and cultural phenomena that were reflected in the English language between 1800 and 2000. We show how this approach can provide insights about fields as diverse as lexicography, the evolution of grammar, collective memory, the adoption of technology, the pursuit of fame, censorship, and historical epidemiology. ‘Culturomics’ extends the boundaries of rigorous quantitative inquiry to a wide array of new phenomena spanning the social sciences and the humanities.</p></div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Massachusetts</li></region><settlement><li>Cambridge (Massachusetts)</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Harvard</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Massachusetts"><name sortKey="Michel, Jean Baptiste" sort="Michel, Jean Baptiste" uniqKey="Michel J" first="Jean-Baptiste" last="Michel">Jean-Baptiste Michel</name></region><name sortKey="Aiden, Aviva P" sort="Aiden, Aviva P" uniqKey="Aiden A" first="Aviva P." last="Aiden">Aviva P. Aiden</name><name sortKey="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" sort="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" uniqKey="Aiden E" first="Erez Lieberman" last="Aiden">Erez Lieberman Aiden</name><name sortKey="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" sort="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" uniqKey="Aiden E" first="Erez Lieberman" last="Aiden">Erez Lieberman Aiden</name><name sortKey="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" sort="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" uniqKey="Aiden E" first="Erez Lieberman" last="Aiden">Erez Lieberman Aiden</name><name sortKey="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" sort="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" uniqKey="Aiden E" first="Erez Lieberman" last="Aiden">Erez Lieberman Aiden</name><name sortKey="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" sort="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" uniqKey="Aiden E" first="Erez Lieberman" last="Aiden">Erez Lieberman Aiden</name><name sortKey="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" sort="Aiden, Erez Lieberman" uniqKey="Aiden E" first="Erez Lieberman" last="Aiden">Erez Lieberman Aiden</name><name sortKey="Clancy, Dan" sort="Clancy, Dan" uniqKey="Clancy D" first="Dan" last="Clancy">Dan Clancy</name><name sortKey="Gray, Matthew K" sort="Gray, Matthew K" uniqKey="Gray M" first="Matthew K." last="Gray">Matthew K. Gray</name><name sortKey="Hoiberg, Dale" sort="Hoiberg, Dale" uniqKey="Hoiberg D" first="Dale" last="Hoiberg">Dale Hoiberg</name><name sortKey="Michel, Jean Baptiste" sort="Michel, Jean Baptiste" uniqKey="Michel J" first="Jean-Baptiste" last="Michel">Jean-Baptiste Michel</name><name sortKey="Michel, Jean Baptiste" sort="Michel, Jean Baptiste" uniqKey="Michel J" first="Jean-Baptiste" last="Michel">Jean-Baptiste Michel</name><name sortKey="Michel, Jean Baptiste" sort="Michel, Jean Baptiste" uniqKey="Michel J" first="Jean-Baptiste" last="Michel">Jean-Baptiste Michel</name><name sortKey="Norvig, Peter" sort="Norvig, Peter" uniqKey="Norvig P" first="Peter" last="Norvig">Peter Norvig</name><name sortKey="Nowak, Martin A" sort="Nowak, Martin A" uniqKey="Nowak M" first="Martin A." last="Nowak">Martin A. Nowak</name><name sortKey="Nowak, Martin A" sort="Nowak, Martin A" uniqKey="Nowak M" first="Martin A." last="Nowak">Martin A. Nowak</name><name sortKey="Nowak, Martin A" sort="Nowak, Martin A" uniqKey="Nowak M" first="Martin A." last="Nowak">Martin A. Nowak</name><name sortKey="Orwant, Jon" sort="Orwant, Jon" uniqKey="Orwant J" first="Jon" last="Orwant">Jon Orwant</name><name sortKey="Pickett, Joseph P" sort="Pickett, Joseph P" uniqKey="Pickett J" first="Joseph P." last="Pickett">Joseph P. Pickett</name><name sortKey="Pinker, Steven" sort="Pinker, Steven" uniqKey="Pinker S" first="Steven" last="Pinker">Steven Pinker</name><name sortKey="Shen, Yuan Kui" sort="Shen, Yuan Kui" uniqKey="Shen Y" first="Yuan Kui" last="Shen">Yuan Kui Shen</name><name sortKey="Veres, Adrian" sort="Veres, Adrian" uniqKey="Veres A" first="Adrian" last="Veres">Adrian Veres</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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